Post by FlameMaster5 on Apr 4, 2007 20:34:34 GMT -5
Finally... A test I can do, as I will be looking at my book the entire time for the answers. This is much more like it. YES!! :] I have to type my answers up and then submit it to my teacher on Thursday. SO... Let's get to it! XD
(Btw... From what the questions are asking, there are some material that may be offensive if you're reading. Just warning you, ok?)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter 10 Reproductive Choices:
1). Identify five types of birth control and state the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Progestin-Only Pills:
a). Advantages - Extremely effective when taken consistently; convient; moderately priced; do not interrupt sexual activity; reversible within three months of stopping the pill; reduce the risk of benign breast lumps, ovarian cysts, iron-deficiency, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometrial and ovarian cancer; may relieve painful menstruation.
b). Disadvantages - Require a perscription; increased risk of cardiovascular problems, preimarily for women over age 35 who smoke and those with high blood pressure or other health problems; side effects vary with different brands but include spotting between periods, weight gain or loss, nausea and vomitting, breast tenderness and decreased sex drive;must be taken at the same time every(especially critical with low-dose estrogen and progestin-only pills); no protection against STIs; must use a secondary form of birth control for the initial seven days of use.
The Patch (Ortho Evra):
a). Advantages - Good alternative for women who can't remember, don't like, or have problems swallowing daily pills; highly effective when used correctly ; does not interrupt sexual activity; fewer side effects, such as nausea, breathrough bleeding, and modd swings, than pills; fertility returns quickly after you stop using it.
b). Disadvantages - Must apply a new patch every week; requires a perscription; no protection against STIs; Increased risk of blood clots, heart attack, and stroke particularly for women who smoke or have certain health conditions; less effective in women who weigh more than 198 lbs.; some women report breast tenderness, headaches, upper respiratory infections, or self-consciousness when wearing the patch; contact lens wearers may experience vision changes; 5% of women report that at least one patch slipped off; 2% percent of women report skin irritation; must use another form of birth control for the initial seven days of use.
The Nuvaring:
a). Advantages - Under medical supervision, may be safer than birth control pills for women with mild hypertension or diabetes; less likelihood of pill-related side effects, such as nausea, mood swings, spotting, and cramping; no need to remember a daily pill or weekly patch' fertility returns quickly when ring is removed.
b). Disadvantages - Some women do not feel comfortable placing and removing something inside their girl thingys; possible side effects include girl thingyl discharge, irritation, and infection.
Lunelle:
a). Advantages - No risk of user error; no worry about buying, storing or using contraceptives; no need to think about contraception for four weeks at a time.
b). Disadvantages - Must visit a doctor's office or clinic every month for an injection; weight gain; side effects include nausea, breakthrough bleeding, acne, headache, change in sexual desire, depression, and breast tenderness, particularly during the first few months of use; no protection against STIs.
Depo-Provera:
a). Advantages - Because it contains only progestin, it is safe for women who cannot take combination birth control pills; no risk of user error; no worry about buying, storing or using contraceptives; no need to think about contraception for three months at a time; Possible protection against endometrial and ovarian cancer.
b). Disadvantages - Must visit a doctor or clinic every three months for injection; menstrual cycles become irregular or cease; potential side effects include decreased libido, depression, headaches, dizziness, weight gain, frequent urination, and allergic reactions; no protection against STIs; appears to triple the risk of acquiring chlamydia and gonorrhea compared to women not using a hormonal contraceptive; delayed return of fertility; long-term use may significantly reduce bone density.
2). Discuss fertility awareness methods, including the Calendar Method, Basal Body Temperature Method and the Cervical Mucus Method:
Calendar Method - is based on counting the woman's safe days based on her individual menstrual cycle.
Basal Body Temperature Method - determines the safe days based on the woman's basal body temperature, which rises after ovulation.
Cervical Mucus Method - is based on observation of changes in the consistency of the woman's girl thingyl mucus throughout her menstrual cycle. The period of maximum fertility occurs when the mucus is smooth and slippery.
3). Define abortion. Describe four different methods:
Abortion - expulsion of a fetus(naturally or by medical induction) from the womb before it is able to survive independently.
a). Medical Abortion - describes the use of drugs, also called abortifacients, to terminate a pregnancy.
b). Suction Currettage - involves the gradual dilation of the cervix, often by inserting into the cervix one or more sticks of laminaria. Occasionally, the laminaria itself starts to bring on a miscarriage. The physician then inserts a suction tip into the cervix, and the uterine contents are drawn out via a vacuum system. A curette is used to check for complete removal of the contents of the uterus.
c). Dilation & Evacuation (D & E) - in which they open the cervix and use medical instruments to remove the fetus from the uterus. D & E procedures are performed under local or general anesthesia.
d). Prostaglandins - natural substances found in most body tissues are administered as girl thingyl suppositories or injected into the amnotic sac by inserting a needle through the abdominal wall. The induce uterine contractions, and the fetus and placenta are expelled within 24 hours. Injecting saline or urea solutions into the amnotic sac also can terminate the pregnancy by triggering contractions that expel the fetus and placenta.
Chapter 8 Communications & Relating:
1). Define friendship. List five strategies for the building of a strong relationship/friendship:
Friendship - friendsly disposition felt or shown. Also described as "the most holy bond of society".
Five Strategies -
a). Emotional support and sensitivity.
b). Mutual good will.
c). Respectful asking rather than ordering.
d). Encouragement.
e). Being listened and responded to with courtesy.
2). List six major issues that couples confront and give strategies for dealing with those difficulties:
a). Unrealistic Expectations - Togetherness does not neccessarily guarantee happiness. According to one study of more than 2,000 couples, too much time together--particularly doing shopping and chores--may be bad for a marriage.
b). Money - To avoid fighting over money, understand that having different money values or expectations doesn't make one of you right and the other wrong. Recognize the value of unpaod work.
c). Sex - What matters most isn't quantity alone, but the quality of sexual activity and intimacy. Sexuality, like personality, is dynamic and changes throughout life.
d). Extramarital Affairs - A husband or wife who learns about a spouse's affair typically feels a devasting sense of betrayal as well as deep feelings of shame, fear of abandonment, depression, and anger. Two crucial questions determine whether a marriage can survive: Do the spouses still feel a serious commitment to each other? And do they love each other and want to grow old together?
e). Two-Careers Couples - Does the spouse quit his or her job, pack up, and move? Some couples resolve such dilemmas by working in different cities and spending weekends together. Others try alternate career and home priorities. However imperfect these arrangements may be, they work for some couples.
In studies comparing homemakers and women working part or full time, there have been no significant differences in frequency of intercourse, sexual satisfaction, or decreased sexual desire. As women make more money, they generally report greater marital happiness and well-being.
f). Conflict in Marriage - Happier couples interject positive interactions, like a joke or smile, into their arguments. As long as the ratio of positive to negative interactions remains at least five to one, the relationship remains intact.
3). Define dysfunctional relationships. Describe six types of enabling behaviors:
Dysfunctional Relationships - relationships that don't promote healthy communication, honesty, and intimacy.
Six Types of Enabling Behaviors -
a). Shielding - Codependents may cover up for abusers, preventing them from experiencing the full impact of the harmful consquences of their behavior--for example, by dropping off a paper or report so that the addicted person can avoid a missed deadline.
b). Controlling - A codependent may try to control the significant other--for instance, by withholding sex or or using sex as a reward for cutting down on an addictive behavior.
c). Taking Over Responsibilities - The codependent may take over such household chores as shopping or running errands.
d). Rationalizing - Codependents try to rationalize their partners' addiction by telling themselves that a compulsive behavior pattern, like workaholism, is making the person more successful, or that drinking helps him or her relax.
e). Cooperating - Sometimes codependents become involved in the person's compulsion, perhaps placing bets for a gambler or buying alcohol for a drinker.
f). Rescuing - The codependent may become overprotective--for example, by allowing the user to use drugs at home to avoid the risk of an accident or arrest.
Chapter 16 Preventing Cancer & Other Illness:
1). Define diabetes mellitus including the two types. List four strategies for lowering your risk of diabetes:
Diabetes Mellitus - a disease in which the body doesn't produce or respond properly to insulin, a hormone essential for daily life.
In Type 1 diabetes, the body's immune system attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas and destroys them. The pancreas then priduces little or no insulin and therefore blood glucose cannot enter the cells to be used for energy.
In Type 2 diabetes, either the pancreas does not make enough insulin or the body is unable to use insulin correctly. Its two characteristic problems are insufficient insulin and insulin resistance.
Four Strategies for Lowering Your Risk of Diabetes -
a). Weight - You can improve your glucose levels simply by losing weight. Even a small loss can be beneficial.
b). Waist Circumference - A measurement of more than 40 inches in men and of more than 35 inches in women indicates increased health risks. It's important to stay in shape.
c). Metabolic Syndrome - This condition is a cluster of disorders of your body's metabolism--including high blood pressure, high insulin levels, excess body weight, and abnormal cholesterol levels--that make you more likely to develop diabetes as well as heart disease or stroke. Dropping these levels with excercise and diet can lower your risks of health problems.
d). Inactivity - The less active you are, the greater your risk for diabetes. Physical activity helps you control your weight, uses up glucose, makes your cells more sensitive to insulin, increases blood flow, and improves circulation in even the smallest blood vessels. Excercise also helps build muscle mass, which is important because most of the glucose in your blood is absorbed into your muscles. When you have less muscle tissue, more glucose stays in your blood.
(Btw... From what the questions are asking, there are some material that may be offensive if you're reading. Just warning you, ok?)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HSC 1100 Take-Home Test, Exam V
Chapter 10 Reproductive Choices:
1). Identify five types of birth control and state the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Progestin-Only Pills:
a). Advantages - Extremely effective when taken consistently; convient; moderately priced; do not interrupt sexual activity; reversible within three months of stopping the pill; reduce the risk of benign breast lumps, ovarian cysts, iron-deficiency, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometrial and ovarian cancer; may relieve painful menstruation.
b). Disadvantages - Require a perscription; increased risk of cardiovascular problems, preimarily for women over age 35 who smoke and those with high blood pressure or other health problems; side effects vary with different brands but include spotting between periods, weight gain or loss, nausea and vomitting, breast tenderness and decreased sex drive;must be taken at the same time every(especially critical with low-dose estrogen and progestin-only pills); no protection against STIs; must use a secondary form of birth control for the initial seven days of use.
The Patch (Ortho Evra):
a). Advantages - Good alternative for women who can't remember, don't like, or have problems swallowing daily pills; highly effective when used correctly ; does not interrupt sexual activity; fewer side effects, such as nausea, breathrough bleeding, and modd swings, than pills; fertility returns quickly after you stop using it.
b). Disadvantages - Must apply a new patch every week; requires a perscription; no protection against STIs; Increased risk of blood clots, heart attack, and stroke particularly for women who smoke or have certain health conditions; less effective in women who weigh more than 198 lbs.; some women report breast tenderness, headaches, upper respiratory infections, or self-consciousness when wearing the patch; contact lens wearers may experience vision changes; 5% of women report that at least one patch slipped off; 2% percent of women report skin irritation; must use another form of birth control for the initial seven days of use.
The Nuvaring:
a). Advantages - Under medical supervision, may be safer than birth control pills for women with mild hypertension or diabetes; less likelihood of pill-related side effects, such as nausea, mood swings, spotting, and cramping; no need to remember a daily pill or weekly patch' fertility returns quickly when ring is removed.
b). Disadvantages - Some women do not feel comfortable placing and removing something inside their girl thingys; possible side effects include girl thingyl discharge, irritation, and infection.
Lunelle:
a). Advantages - No risk of user error; no worry about buying, storing or using contraceptives; no need to think about contraception for four weeks at a time.
b). Disadvantages - Must visit a doctor's office or clinic every month for an injection; weight gain; side effects include nausea, breakthrough bleeding, acne, headache, change in sexual desire, depression, and breast tenderness, particularly during the first few months of use; no protection against STIs.
Depo-Provera:
a). Advantages - Because it contains only progestin, it is safe for women who cannot take combination birth control pills; no risk of user error; no worry about buying, storing or using contraceptives; no need to think about contraception for three months at a time; Possible protection against endometrial and ovarian cancer.
b). Disadvantages - Must visit a doctor or clinic every three months for injection; menstrual cycles become irregular or cease; potential side effects include decreased libido, depression, headaches, dizziness, weight gain, frequent urination, and allergic reactions; no protection against STIs; appears to triple the risk of acquiring chlamydia and gonorrhea compared to women not using a hormonal contraceptive; delayed return of fertility; long-term use may significantly reduce bone density.
2). Discuss fertility awareness methods, including the Calendar Method, Basal Body Temperature Method and the Cervical Mucus Method:
Calendar Method - is based on counting the woman's safe days based on her individual menstrual cycle.
Basal Body Temperature Method - determines the safe days based on the woman's basal body temperature, which rises after ovulation.
Cervical Mucus Method - is based on observation of changes in the consistency of the woman's girl thingyl mucus throughout her menstrual cycle. The period of maximum fertility occurs when the mucus is smooth and slippery.
3). Define abortion. Describe four different methods:
Abortion - expulsion of a fetus(naturally or by medical induction) from the womb before it is able to survive independently.
a). Medical Abortion - describes the use of drugs, also called abortifacients, to terminate a pregnancy.
b). Suction Currettage - involves the gradual dilation of the cervix, often by inserting into the cervix one or more sticks of laminaria. Occasionally, the laminaria itself starts to bring on a miscarriage. The physician then inserts a suction tip into the cervix, and the uterine contents are drawn out via a vacuum system. A curette is used to check for complete removal of the contents of the uterus.
c). Dilation & Evacuation (D & E) - in which they open the cervix and use medical instruments to remove the fetus from the uterus. D & E procedures are performed under local or general anesthesia.
d). Prostaglandins - natural substances found in most body tissues are administered as girl thingyl suppositories or injected into the amnotic sac by inserting a needle through the abdominal wall. The induce uterine contractions, and the fetus and placenta are expelled within 24 hours. Injecting saline or urea solutions into the amnotic sac also can terminate the pregnancy by triggering contractions that expel the fetus and placenta.
Chapter 8 Communications & Relating:
1). Define friendship. List five strategies for the building of a strong relationship/friendship:
Friendship - friendsly disposition felt or shown. Also described as "the most holy bond of society".
Five Strategies -
a). Emotional support and sensitivity.
b). Mutual good will.
c). Respectful asking rather than ordering.
d). Encouragement.
e). Being listened and responded to with courtesy.
2). List six major issues that couples confront and give strategies for dealing with those difficulties:
a). Unrealistic Expectations - Togetherness does not neccessarily guarantee happiness. According to one study of more than 2,000 couples, too much time together--particularly doing shopping and chores--may be bad for a marriage.
b). Money - To avoid fighting over money, understand that having different money values or expectations doesn't make one of you right and the other wrong. Recognize the value of unpaod work.
c). Sex - What matters most isn't quantity alone, but the quality of sexual activity and intimacy. Sexuality, like personality, is dynamic and changes throughout life.
d). Extramarital Affairs - A husband or wife who learns about a spouse's affair typically feels a devasting sense of betrayal as well as deep feelings of shame, fear of abandonment, depression, and anger. Two crucial questions determine whether a marriage can survive: Do the spouses still feel a serious commitment to each other? And do they love each other and want to grow old together?
e). Two-Careers Couples - Does the spouse quit his or her job, pack up, and move? Some couples resolve such dilemmas by working in different cities and spending weekends together. Others try alternate career and home priorities. However imperfect these arrangements may be, they work for some couples.
In studies comparing homemakers and women working part or full time, there have been no significant differences in frequency of intercourse, sexual satisfaction, or decreased sexual desire. As women make more money, they generally report greater marital happiness and well-being.
f). Conflict in Marriage - Happier couples interject positive interactions, like a joke or smile, into their arguments. As long as the ratio of positive to negative interactions remains at least five to one, the relationship remains intact.
3). Define dysfunctional relationships. Describe six types of enabling behaviors:
Dysfunctional Relationships - relationships that don't promote healthy communication, honesty, and intimacy.
Six Types of Enabling Behaviors -
a). Shielding - Codependents may cover up for abusers, preventing them from experiencing the full impact of the harmful consquences of their behavior--for example, by dropping off a paper or report so that the addicted person can avoid a missed deadline.
b). Controlling - A codependent may try to control the significant other--for instance, by withholding sex or or using sex as a reward for cutting down on an addictive behavior.
c). Taking Over Responsibilities - The codependent may take over such household chores as shopping or running errands.
d). Rationalizing - Codependents try to rationalize their partners' addiction by telling themselves that a compulsive behavior pattern, like workaholism, is making the person more successful, or that drinking helps him or her relax.
e). Cooperating - Sometimes codependents become involved in the person's compulsion, perhaps placing bets for a gambler or buying alcohol for a drinker.
f). Rescuing - The codependent may become overprotective--for example, by allowing the user to use drugs at home to avoid the risk of an accident or arrest.
Chapter 16 Preventing Cancer & Other Illness:
1). Define diabetes mellitus including the two types. List four strategies for lowering your risk of diabetes:
Diabetes Mellitus - a disease in which the body doesn't produce or respond properly to insulin, a hormone essential for daily life.
In Type 1 diabetes, the body's immune system attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas and destroys them. The pancreas then priduces little or no insulin and therefore blood glucose cannot enter the cells to be used for energy.
In Type 2 diabetes, either the pancreas does not make enough insulin or the body is unable to use insulin correctly. Its two characteristic problems are insufficient insulin and insulin resistance.
Four Strategies for Lowering Your Risk of Diabetes -
a). Weight - You can improve your glucose levels simply by losing weight. Even a small loss can be beneficial.
b). Waist Circumference - A measurement of more than 40 inches in men and of more than 35 inches in women indicates increased health risks. It's important to stay in shape.
c). Metabolic Syndrome - This condition is a cluster of disorders of your body's metabolism--including high blood pressure, high insulin levels, excess body weight, and abnormal cholesterol levels--that make you more likely to develop diabetes as well as heart disease or stroke. Dropping these levels with excercise and diet can lower your risks of health problems.
d). Inactivity - The less active you are, the greater your risk for diabetes. Physical activity helps you control your weight, uses up glucose, makes your cells more sensitive to insulin, increases blood flow, and improves circulation in even the smallest blood vessels. Excercise also helps build muscle mass, which is important because most of the glucose in your blood is absorbed into your muscles. When you have less muscle tissue, more glucose stays in your blood.
